...tities by spontaneous self-assembly or by self-organisation. The resulting supramolecular architectures are held together by covalent bonds and a variety of non-covalent intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic interactions etc). Spatially, the supramolecular systems can extend from a few nm to micron size or beyond, in 1, 2 or 3 dimensions, with hierarchical ...