Theoretically, the Stirling engine can achieve the Carnot efficiency which is the maximum
efficiency of all ideal thermodynamic cycles. However, the presence of dead volumes, the
limitations from the construction materials or the mechanical losses when operating the system
will lower the efficiency of the engine (Kongtragool & Wongwises, 2006).
Additionally, the Stirling engine has been reported to be reliable and the production costs would
not be higher than a standard reciprocating engine in a scale production. Stirling engines opera
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