Nanotechnology is expected to become a driver of sustainable energy development and energy storage. The possible photovoltaic (PV), thermoelectric, electrochemical application of various nanostructures including carbon nanotubes, C60, semi-conductor quantum dots has been intensively investigated. In the latter case, CdSe, CdTe and PbS nanocrystals have been successfully integrated in PV cells whereas transition metal oxides and phosphates nanocrystals have proven to be more efficient than their bulk counterparts as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. This breakthrough has been made possible by the use of solution phase routes to tailor the size, shape, surface state and self-assembly of the nanoparticles We propose to explore the sonoelectrochemical and plasma assisted deposition methods to directly coat selected substrates by silicon nanocrystals. Glass and stainless steel substrates will respectively be used to measure the optical properties (absorption coefficient and photoluminescence) of the films and to test the electrochemical performance as an anode for Li-ion battery. This method will then be extended to polymers and fibers.