"The proposed research will study the impact of different integration policies in European context. The labor market outcomes of the first generation immigrants, the educational outcomes of the second generation and intergenerational mobility will be explored. The cross country variation in labor market outcomes of first generation immigrants is determined by two factors: (1) selection of immigrants that determines the set of observed and unobserved characteristics that immigrants bring to a host country, (2) integration that determines how a given set of characteristics are valued in the host country. This study is going to identify the impact of integration independent of selection effects using a natural experiment. This natural experiment is the mass recruitment of Turkish workers by European countries during 1960s and 1970s that dispersed individuals with similar characteristics across various countries. The second part of the project will provide evidence on the educational outcomes of second generation immigrants from the same source country. Using an internationally comparable data set of 15-year-old students the study will focus on the immigrant students’ performance in mathematics, reading, science and problem-solving skills and provide evidence on the cross country variation in their outcomes. Using the data on educational attainment of parents intergenerational linkages will be explored to assess the extent of upward mobility in these countries. Thus, this study will be exploring integration with a multi generational perspective and highlighting differences in outcomes across host countries for individuals with similar backgrounds. These results will inform the discussions about the best practices for integration both at EU and national levels."