This project is concerned with optimising the delivery of primary healthcare to European citizens who are migrants who experience language and cultural barriers in host countries. We focus on the implementation of evidence-based health information (e.g. guidelines to enhance communication in cross-cultural consultations) and interventions (e.g. training initiatives on interculturalism and the use of paid interpreters) designed to address language and cultural barriers in primary care settings. We explore how these are translated (or not) into routine practice in primary care settings. We will investigate and support implementation processes for these using a unique combination of contemporary social theory, the Normalisation Process Theory and a participatory research methodology. Our five study objectives are to determine:What guidelines and/or training initiatives are currently available in our partner countries that have been generated by primary care research in a way that was inclusive of all key stakeholders?How are the guidelines and/or training initiatives translated into practice by primary care staff? What are the processes of implementation, ‘on the ground’ in routine practice?What is the capacity of primary care settings in different countries (and, therefore, different organisational contexts) to incorporate implementation processes within their current organisational arrangement?Is the implementation work for guidelines and/or training initiatives sustainable - leading to normalised use of these technologies in routine practice?What are the benefits (if any) of using NPT and PLA to investigate and support implementation processes?There will be co-operation between an inter-disciplinary team of experienced researchers, across 6 European health care settings with different organizational contexts and capacities to respond to this implementation work.