Background Air quality is a major environmental problem in Europe, especially in urban conglomerates. For Mediterranean and Balkan countries, and Cyprus in particular, the semi-arid climate with dry summers, sparse vegetation, open-cast mines and uncovered soils are conducive to wind entrainment of dust. Long-distance transport from North Africa and the eastern shore zones of the Mediterranean also has an important impact on air quality. Dust management measures must take into account the relative importance of these different sources. In Cyprus, the heterogeneity of pollutant sources, the relatively large contribution from natural sources, as well as the impact of transboundary transport pose complexities and difficulties to the formulation of control measures. Objectives This LIFE project aims to support the competent Cypriot authorities in preparing efficient and cost-effective particulate matter (PM) management. For this purpose, state-of-the art forecasting and scenario analysis software will be applied. The project will enhance data collection and processing capacities through the integration of remote-sensing technologies into the existing monitoring network. Regional modelling and PM10 source apportionment will be combined with stakeholder participation to establish management scenarios and models, incorporating technical and regulatory information as well as socio-economic factors. A specific objective is to develop, implement and verify a methodology for identifying particulate matter sources to quantify the relative contributions of long-range versus local sources, and natural versus man-made sources. This will be based on monitoring data and emission inventories over three years. At its conclusion, the project intends to produce a dust management plan. Associating source fractions with direct and indirect control options is expected to greatly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of measures. Expected results: Detailed source apportionment for air pollutants in Cyprus, with emphasis on particulates (PM10/2.5); An air quality management plan, including guidelines for individual cities, 33 communities and 485 community councils, and emission-control strategies dealing with land-use planning and land-cover management; and Public and stakeholder information and involvement.