In clinical studies, proteomics and transcriptomics allow the comparison of samples from different patients and hold special promise for the discovery of novel biomarkers and the development of “personalized medicine” approaches. Yet, translating recent discoveries into daily medical practice takes time and despite intensified researchers’ interest and investments, the rate of introduction of novel biomarkers in clinical practice is extremely disappointing. The main aim of DECanBio is to implement a strategy for protein biomarker discovery and validation relying on the use of “state of the art” mass spectrometry instrumentation for quantitative analysis of proteins. For the first time, the potential of MRM-Mass Spectrometry (MRM-MS) will be tested in the scope of a large scale validation protocol of cancer protein biomarkers. This analysis will be performed in parallel to the application of miniaturized high-throughput ELISA tests for protein quantification. DECanBio strategy will be applied to issues related to bladder cancer. Specifically, a restricted number of urinary protein biomarkers enabling the detection of recurrences during the monitoring period of patients treated for bladder tumour will be validated. The work will be performed in priority for the follow-up of low-grade superficial bladder tumours (Ta stage), which, after initial resection (without BCG therapy), are likely to evolve towards remission, recurrence, or progression to a high-grade tumor. The MRM and ELISA tests developed herein aim at the high-throughput quantification of these markers in urine. Collectively, the project has the ambition to settle a whole experimental pipe-line, from the search for new bladder cancer biomarker candidates, to their thorough evaluation and validation in clinical environment. We anticipate that the tools and knowledge that will be developed here will greatly facilitate translational studies for other diseases as well.