"The traffic accidents, with 2wheelers like bicycles, motorcycles and mopeds, represent 23% of total road fatalities in EU. Even though until now there is no clear understanding of the mechanisms of injury of such vehicles. The lack of knowledge and uncertainties of the complex dynamics of 2wheelers accidents is limiting the advancement of protective equipment for them. This is a reason that most of the efforts for development of protective equipment were focused only on helmets and protective clothing and not on devices that would prevent the riders’ impacts with other vehicles or the environment i.e. for the development of motorcycle airbags rather contradictory results came out for their safety benefit attributed from the authors to the overestimation of neck-injuries from the dummy used in the crash-tests. Further electric 2wheelers and new types of innovative ultra-light electric vehicles that offer sustainable urban mobility are developed or already introduced in the market with similar concerns for their safety as the traditional 2wheelers. These types of vehicles are expected to increase their fleet due to their advantages in urban mobility, increasing also their proportion in traffic injuries if their safety concerns are not addressed.The goal of this project is to develop deeper understanding of the injury mechanisms of motorcycle accidents and a new framework for the assessment of safety of all 2wheelers. This project will be realized with focus on motorcycles but the developed methodology, and tools will be applicable to all other 2wheelers.The major expected results of this project are: (a) an ambulatory motion capture system, (b) new knowledge on motorcyclist’s kinematics, (b) development of a biofidelic numerical active human model, (c) better understanding of the motorcycle accident’s injury, (d) the creation of a database of simulations. The simulation database will be developed for motorcycles but it will be applicable to all other 2wheelers."