The project is aimed at ensuring the achievement of important scientific objectives in the framework of European research, and is strictly connected with the current debate about a Europe necessarily open to meeting the alter in the respect of unalienable rights.The research, in fact investigating the existing relationship between the objective right and the subjective right in Vitoria and Grotius, touches some nodal points of the current debate on human rights, such as the correlativity or not existing between objective rights and subjective ones. The intention of this research is to investigate how Francisco de Vitoria and Hugo Grotius's change from an idea of objective natural law to a conception of subjective natural laws came about, laws which characterise modern politics.The choice of these authors is motivated by the fact that they are both forerunners of human rights and international law. The project presented here thus favours the formation of a researcher who is asserting herself on a European and international level as a valid expert in the field of philosophical Hispanics and as historian of ideas in the field of the "intricate story" of the assertion of human rights in western civilisation.The research will enable the publishing of the edition of previously unpublished university lectures by Francisco de Vitoria about the Ultimate End of Man, on the Human Acts, on Virtue. The interest of the research lies also in the fact that it will enable the achievement of the publication of a bilingual essay (Italian-English) on the theme of war and peace in Francisco de Vitoria and Hugo Grotius.The project presented here favours an important development in the formation of the applicant, in that it contributes to giving her a career a European dimension capable of going beyond the limits of national research.