Background Analysis of the population dynamics of species related to wetlands in the target area, and particularly amphibians and butterflies, reveals a range of problems. In particular, the populations of amphibians, the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegate) (in sharp decline at national level), spectacled salamander (Salamandrina terdigitata) and Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex) and the butterflies, Jersey tiger (Euplagia quadripunctaria) (priority species) and Eriogaster catax have an irregular distribution due to the alteration and reduction of their habitats (including wetlands) and breeding sites, pathogens and transformation of their territory. Restoration of wetlands and other habitats relevant to the target species is vital. Objectives The overall objective of the LIFE WetFlyAmphibia project is to improve the conservation status of the populations of amphibians and butterflies living in open wet areas inside the Foreste Casentinesi National Park. The specific objectives are to: Improve the habitats, establish breeding sites and reinforce the populations of Bombina variegata, Salamandrina terdigitata and Triturus carnifex populations; Improve the habitats of Euplagia quadripunctaria* and Eriogaster catax; Improve the conservation status of the wetlands of open areas (habitat 6430) and of the rare plant species found in these areas; and Foster a favourable attitude towards the conservation needs of amphibians and butterflies species. Expected results: Conservation measures carried out to improve the target species populations in 156 areas; seven new wetland areas established; vegetation restored and deepening puddles established in 15 areas (habitat 6430); tree and shrub clearance in 24 wetland areas; fences installed in nine areas; accessible structures placed in 46 areas; fountains built or restored in 48 areas; 20 underpasses for amphibians completed in one area; Populations of Bombina variegata and Salamandrina terdigitata increased and more largely diffused; At least 10-15 (per year) small metamorphosed individuals of Bombina variegata and at least 1 000 to 1 500 eggs of Salamandrina terdigitata reintroduced in the target areas; Population status of the target species and impact of the interventions properly monitored; and Increased awareness of the conservation of the target species.