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Plus de 40 projets européens trouvés

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 TERMINÉ 

Synaptic Systems: dissecting brain function in health and disease (SYNSYS)

Date du début: 1 juil. 2010, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2014,

...s of disease and to design efficient drugs. SynSys assembles leading European laboratories to provide the expertise and established research platforms that uniquely enable a systems-level analysis of synaptic signalling. The consortium features a closed loop from data integration and modelling, human genetics, physiology, proteomics and the application of engineered model systems to test model pre ...
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 19

 TERMINÉ 

Identification of molecular pathways underlying activity-dependent neuron-glia communication using in vitro microfluidic systems (CeLEStIaL)

Date du début: 1 oct. 2012, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2014,

...re and the physiological significance of neuron-glia interactions remain largely unknown. We propose here the use of a microfluidic co-culture platform to characterize and investigate the role of non-synaptic responses of glial cells following stimulation of neuronal activity. In particular, we will co-culture neurons and glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, and monitor glia-specific chan ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Physicochemical principles of efficient information processing in biological cells (pcCell)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2013, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2017,

...y time and yet the molecules might be ordered at all times. I propose to investigate the existence and the physicochemical driving forces of such dynamical sorting mechanisms in selected neuronal synaptic membrane proteins that must be tightly coordinated during neurotransmission and recovery. To this end, massive atomistic and coarse-grained molecular simulations will be combined with statistical ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Memory Mechanisms in Man and Machine (M4)

Date du début: 1 mai 2013, Date de fin: 30 avr. 2018,

...ls can be produced using simple spiking neural network models including Spike-Time Dependent Plasticity (STDP) and competitive inhibitory lateral connections. 9) This selectivity only requires binary synaptic weights that are either ""on"" or ""off"", greatly simplifying the problem of maintaining the memory over long periods. 10) Artificial systems using memristor-like devices can implement the s ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Synaptic foundations of low level perception (BRAIN PERCEPTS)

Date du début: 1 nov. 2012, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2014,

...is unknown. In this proposal we will use in vivo intracellular electrophysiology and voltage-sensitive imaging in the mammalian visual cortex to explore in a multiscale approach (ranging from the synaptic to the cell assembly levels) the cortical emergence of Gestalt laws which guide our everyday low-level perception."
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Molecular mechanisms of synapto-dendritic cargo trafficking (NEUROTRAF)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2013, Date de fin: 31 mars 2015,

"Activity-dependent modulation of synapses is the core mechanism of synaptic plasticity and underlies learning and memory processes in the brain. Understanding dynamic changes at synapses requires a deeper insight in the molecular machinery involved in the transport and trafficking of postsynaptic proteins. Recent studies suggest that the cytoskeleton (microtubule and actin) and molecular motors ( ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

NEUROACT: A collaborative training program to develop multi-electrode array (MEA) platforms to understand synaptic function and treat diseases of the nervous system (NEUROACT)

Date du début: 1 oct. 2012, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2016,

... their molecular application and detection capabilities, and establish rapid user-friendly protocols allowing the implementation of MEA-based systems to study the roles of individual genes on complex synaptic phenotypes. The mutually beneficial diversity and complementarities of the skills brought together in this collaborative project bodes a successful, productive and long-lasting relationship b ...
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 3

 TERMINÉ 

Mapping the synaptic circuits for salience (SALIENSY)

Date du début: 1 mars 2014, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2019,

...uit dissection to map LHb inputs from the medial globus pallidus, and LHb outputs to the midbrain using viral-based mapping 2 – Assess the effect of salience (reward, aversion) on the LHb using synaptic physiology and optogenetics and 3 - Causally link LHb activity with behaviours modelling reward/aversion to probe LHb function at the network level using in vivo electrophysiology and optogenetics. ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

The Influence of parvalbumin neurons from the medial setum and diagonal band complex on medial entorhinal cortex activity (SEPTOENTOCIRCUITS)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2014, Date de fin: 31 mars 2016,

...spatial location is also encoded by the timing of action potentials relative to the phase of local theta frequency oscillations in network activity. The action potential rate and timing codes require synaptic input from a subcortical structure called the medial septum and diagonal band complex (MS-DB). Yet, we know very little about how projections from the MS-DB influence neurons in the MEC. I pr ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Neural mechanisms underlying rapid modulation of spatial attention in cortex and superior colliculus (SPATIAL ATTENTION)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2014, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2015,

...ntion task in mice, and leverage this genetically tractable animal model, state-of-the art in vivo sub-cellular 2-photon imaging, optogenetics, & patch-clamp recordings to dissect the microcircuits & synaptic mechanisms that mediate these rapid changes in sensory processing.I will be hosted by Dr. Mainen at Portugal’s newly established Champalimaud Neuroscience Program. The systems neuroscience fo ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Orchestrating the Transcriptome and Proteome in Time and Space: Quantitative Modeling of Protein Production, Degradation and Localization in Mammalian Systems (EXPRESSION DYNAMICS)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2014, Date de fin: 1 mars 2017,

...signature-scale monitoring.In my returning phase, I will apply the experience gained and methods developed during my outgoing phase to systematically study gene expression in hippocampal neurons upon synaptic stimulation. In particular, I will study gene expression control in somata and dendrites separately, thus considering spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression dynamics.The proposed ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Optical dissection of prefrontal neuromodulation: from synapses through networks to behavior (OPTONEUROMOD)

Date du début: 1 févr. 2014, Date de fin: 31 janv. 2019,

...e the dynamics and mechanisms of prefrontal neuromodulatory tuning, from the level of synapses and cells to circuits and animal behavior. To achieve this goal, we will map the circuit-level impact of synaptic neuromodulatory inputs on the prefrontal cortex circuit dynamics, develop and apply two novel optogenetic approaches for light-based synaptic silencing and optical recording of cortical neuro ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Dissecting the retinal inputs to behaviorally relevant computations in the central brain (VisualCircuits)

Date du début: 1 juin 2014, Date de fin: 31 mai 2018,

...dcomputational tasks and how information from the retina is recombined to highlight key aspects of the visual scene used todirect behavior. To accomplish this conditional expression systems and trans-synaptic viral based circuit tracing will becombined with targeted patch-clamp recording and calcium imaging to link genetically identified cell types of the retina withbehaviourally relevant computat ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Real neurons-nanoelectronics Architecture with Memristive Plasticity (RAMP)

Date du début: 1 nov. 2013, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2016,

... electrical interfacing of a network of neurons in culture to an artificial CMOS-based counterpart. Adaptation properties of the artificial network will rely on memristive nanoelectronic devices with synaptic-like plasticity and on activity-dependent rearrangement of neuronal connectivity. As such, the biohybrid system will provide new and unique adaptive, self-organizing and evolving properties d ...
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 6

 TERMINÉ 

The language of astrocytes: multilevel analysis to understand astrocyte communication and its role in memory-related brain operations and in cognitive behavior (astromnesis)

Date du début: 1 févr. 2014, Date de fin: 31 janv. 2019,

...e subcellular organization of astrocytes underlying local microdomain communications by use of correlative light-electron microscopy; 2) the way individual astrocytes integrate inputs and control synaptic ensembles using 3D two-photon imaging, genetically-encoded Ca2+ indicators, optogenetics and electrophysiology; 3) the contribution of astrocyte ensembles to behavior-relevant circuit operations ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Dopaminergic modulation of neuronal circuit function in the zebrafish olfactory system (ZF Optomodulomics)

Date du début: 1 août 2013, Date de fin: 31 juil. 2015,

Neuromodulatory neurons project to a wide range of target areas and adjust neuronal circuit function by modifying neuronal properties, synaptic transmission, and neuronal plasticity. Neuromodulators such as dopamine are implicated in various neurological disorders such as Schizophrenia and addiction. Despite detailed insights into the molecular and cellular actions of neuromodulators, their concer ...
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 2

 TERMINÉ 

INL Fellowship programme in nanotechnologies for biomedical, environment and food applications (NanoTRAINforGrowth)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2013, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2017,

...and technological development areas:• Nanomedicine: Drug Delivery systems, molecular diagnosis systems and chips, cell therapies, imaging solutions, regenerative materials, biomolecular labels, synaptic process monitoring, tissue engineering, etc.• Environmental and food control: Nanotechnology applied to Food industry, food safety and environmental control. Water and Soil control, air pollution ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

From oculomotor action to perception (ProactionPerception)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2015, Date de fin: 31 mars 2017,

...botics.This project combines my previous knowledge in cognitive neuroscience and eye movements, acquired during my 6.5 year stay in the USA with the host laboratory’s expertise in low level synaptic system neuroscience. It therefore ensures both acquisition and transfer of new knowledge and opens opportunities of new collaborations. The MSCA Reintegration Fellowship will furthermore give me the op ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Development of functional organization of the visual circuits in mice (CIRCUITASSEMBLY)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2015, Date de fin: 31 mars 2020,

...nderstood without first identifying individual functional cell types in adults, and then understanding how the functions of these cell types become established, using cell-type-specific molecular and synaptic mechanisms in developing animals. Recently, I have identified several transgenic mouse lines in which specific cell types in a visual center, the superior colliculus, are labeled with Cre rec ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

NEUral computing aRchitectures in Advanced Monolithic 3D-VLSI nano-technologies (NeuRAM3)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2016, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2018,

...conventional digital solutions; and a monolithically integrated 3D technology in Fully-Depleted Silicon on Insulator (FDSOI) at 28nm design rules with integrated Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) synaptic elements;We will complete this vision and develop complementary technologies that will allow to address the full spectrum of applications from mobile/autonomous objects to high performance co ...
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 10

 TERMINÉ 

Integrated Crossbar of Microelectromechanical Selectors and Non-Volatile Memory Devices for Neuromorphic Computing (SelectX)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 mars 2018,

...proved architectures, modern supercomputers require kWs of power to replicate functionality for which living neural networks take only a few Ws. Currently there is no hardware that can provide a high synaptic density with reasonable energy consumption. Hybrid CMOS chips with stacked crossbars of analog non-volatile memory devices (NVM), like memristors, promise to deliver the required high density ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

The Role of Local Protein Degradation in Neurotransmitter Release and Homeostatic Plasticity (SynDegrade)

Date du début: 1 mai 2016, Date de fin: 30 avr. 2021,

... uncontrolled neural function. However, the molecular mechanisms that stabilize nervous system function are poorly understood. The major site of regulation of neural activity is the chemical synapse. Synaptic function is tightly linked to the specific composition and abundance of proteins at synapses. However, the molecular pathways underlying the homeostatic control of protein levels at synapses, ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Synaptic Tagging and Capture: From Synapses to Behavior (STC)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 mars 2021,

...m memories are formed, and a more stable late LTP (L-LTP), by which long-term memories are formed. Remarkably, it has been shown that an e-LTP can be stabilized if it is preceded or followed by heterosynaptic L-LTP.According to Synaptic Tagging and Capture (STC) hypothesis, e-LTP is stabilized by capturing proteins that are made by L-LTP induction. The model proposes that this mechanism underlies ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Cerebellar Distributed Plasticity Towards Active Sensing and Motor Control (CEREBSENSING)

Date du début: 1 nov. 2015, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2017,

...est that the cerebellum actively improves sensorial discrimination and proprioception thanks to the prediction of the sensorial consequences of actions. In the last decade, several forms of long-term synaptic plasticity have been observed within the cerebellum, suggesting that distributed plasticity could support the predictive action. However the way in which those mechanisms cooperate in order t ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Cell-cell interactions at the neurovascular interface (NEUROVESSEL)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2016, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2020,

...y (SBEM) to obtain high-resolution maps of cortical structures. Functionally, we will characterize the integration of vascular/glial/neuronal signals during cortical neuronal migration, arborization, synaptic connectivity, higher-order integrative cortical function and behavior-related plasticity in vivo.
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Understanding the balance between functional and deleterious interactions of alpha-synuclein with lipid bilayers (toxiclipasyn)

Date du début: 1 mai 2017, Date de fin: 30 avr. 2019,

...tances, proteins can misfold and/or form toxic amyloid structures, which are the hallmark of a range of diseases including type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the small pre-synaptic protein, alpha-synuclein (AS), whose aggregation is the hallmark of Parkinson’s disease, can adopt in vivo and in vitro an intrinsically disordered conformation in solution and an alpha helic ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Alternative Splicing Codes for Synaptic Specificity (SPLICECODE)

Date du début: 1 oct. 2016, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2021,

...al connectivity is achieved by chemoaffinity labels. Several such labels for axon guidance and topographic mapping have been defined. However, until recently, molecules that direct the recognition of synaptic partners and functional specification of synapses have remained obscure.Chemoaffinity tags are envisioned to provide a recognition code that would encompass the recognition of self versus non ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Writing and editing of memories from acquisition to long-term consolidation (MemoryDynamics)

Date du début: 1 oct. 2016, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2021,

... adaptive behavior, arguably their most important function, through learning and memory. Memories ensure that what is learned will be available for later retrieval. Upon the initial learning process, synaptic plasticity important for memory consolidation is triggered within minutes, but whether, and in which form memories will be retained more permanently can be influenced by information and insig ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Molecular organization and dynamics of synapse diversity: novel genetic, imaging and computational approaches (SYNNOVATE)

Date du début: 1 août 2016, Date de fin: 31 juil. 2020,

...s of brain regions of the mouse and generates statistically robust synapse catalogues and molecular maps of the brain. We have uncovered remarkable new neuroanatomical features and revealed a synaptic molecular architecture at the systems-wide scale. We have discovered this architecture is radically reorganised by mutations that cause schizophrenia, intellectual disability and autism. We have also ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

European Consortium on Synaptic Protein Networks in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases (EUROSPIN)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2010, Date de fin: 30 juin 2014,

"Signalling at nerve cell synapses - a key determinant of all aspects of brain function - depends on the function of hundreds of synaptic proteins and their interactions. Numerous recent studies showed that a wide range of neurological and psychiatric diseases are 'synaptopathies' whose onset and progression are due to mutations of synaptic proteins and subsequent synaptic dysfunctions. EUROSPIN w ...
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 19

 TERMINÉ 

Molecular Analysis of Synapse Formation, Maintenance and Disassembly at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (Synapse Stability)

Date du début: 1 juin 2008, Date de fin: 31 mai 2012,

The refinement of neuronal circuits requires both a stabilization of existing synaptic connections and a disassembly of previously functional synapses. While the mechanisms of synapse formation have been extensively studied, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the stabilization of synaptic connections. Any inappropriate loss of synaptic stability will lead ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF APPETITIVE ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY (AMPA phosphorylation)

Date du début: 1 oct. 2007, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2011,

...cent evidence has implicated AMPA receptor regulation in long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), cellular models of learning and memory. However, experimental evidence connecting synaptic plasticity and learning and memory remains scarce. Such evidence comes from demonstrations that behavioral performance on learning and memory tasks is impaired with manipulations of a molecul ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Memory loss in Alzheimer disease: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets (MEMOSAD)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2008, Date de fin: 30 juin 2011,

... declarative memory and several lines of evidence suggest that this memory impairment is independent of the insoluble aggregates, does not require neuronal death and is caused by subtle and transient synaptic changes. The toxic Abeta and Tau species that cause synaptic dysfunction, their mechanism of toxicity and the link between both pathologies remain largely unknown, but recent data suggest tha ...
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 10

 TERMINÉ 

Manipulating neuronal outgrowth using a novel pneumatic micro gene gun (Manipulating Tiling)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2009, Date de fin: 31 mars 2013,

...organized in very regular patterns. Hence, it is easy to detect morphological changes produced experimentally. Moreover, following crush or axotomy these neurons can regenerate their branches and synaptic connections. Previous work showed that cell-cell interactions are fundamental for setting up sensory tiling. Our preliminary results indicate that molecular cues, such as the axon guidance cue ne ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

The role of striatum in selection of behaviour and motor learning - neuronal code, microcircuits and modelling (Select-and-act)

Date du début: 1 août 2008, Date de fin: 31 janv. 2012,

...gic, histaminergic and 5-HT neurons. The microcircuitry will be studied in slices of striatum with patch electrode recordings from three or more identified subtypes of neurons at the same time, while synaptic and membrane properties are investigated and also the synaptic response to the different input systems. Specific synaptic connections of the recorded neurons will be identified by electron mi ...
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 4

 TERMINÉ 

Functional and evolutionary studies of the glutamatergic synapse; a proteomic and genetic approach (PSIEMBL)

Date du début: 1 févr. 2009, Date de fin: 31 janv. 2011,

...rested in the post synapse and the complexes of proteins associated to the NMDA glutamate receptor. We are focused in this set of molecules since the NMDA receptor is central for the establishment of synaptic plasticity, a physiological property of neurons which is believed to be necessary for learning and memory, the cognitive process we are interested in. The general objectives of this project a ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

"""Hearing voices"" - From cognition to brain systems" (VOICE)

Date du début: 1 juil. 2010, Date de fin: 30 juin 2015,

...ch poses a theoretical challenge from a neuropsychological point of view. The overall goal is to track auditory hallucinations from the cognitive (phenomenological) to the neuronal (brain systems and synaptic) levels of explanation, by drawing on my previous research on hemispheric asymmetry and attention-modulation of dichotic listening and functional neuroimaging. I now suggest a new model for e ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Novel Brain-Inspired Learning Paradigms for Large-Scale Neuronal Networks (BRAIN-I-NETS)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2010, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2012,

...enetic cell activation, and dynamic clamp techniques - make it now possible to record the changes that really take place in the intact brain during learning. First results indicate that the rules for synaptic plasticity have in fact to be rewritten. In particular, it appears that local synaptic plasticity is gated in multiple ways by global factors such as neuromodulators and network states. One p ...
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 7

 TERMINÉ 

Synapses: from molecules to higher brain function and diseases (SYMBAD)

Date du début: 1 déc. 2009, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2014,

...rd our knowledge on synapse structure and function in the normal and pathological brain. Brain diseases represent a considerable social and economic burden in Europe. Emerging evidence indicates that synaptic dysfunction is associated with a majority of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Novel therapeutical approaches relie on a better knowledge of the synapse and its pathologies. The network ...
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 13

 TERMINÉ 

Direct observation of ligand binding and channel gating on individual ligand-gated ion channels (Fluoropatch)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2010, Date de fin: 30 juin 2013,

Understanding the dynamics of ligand-gated ion channels is essential for understanding synaptic processes and neuronal signal integration (neurotransmitter gated channels) and intracellular signalling (cyclic nucleotide gated channels). Here we will combine single molecule fluorescence detection, with single channel electrophysiology, to detect ligand-binding and follow subsequent channel gating s ...
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 1