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 TERMINÉ 
Background Sewage sludge generated in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a complex, heterogeneous mixture of microorganisms, inorganic materials and organic substances. It is classified as a non-hazardous waste. Sludge disposal can represent up to 50% of the WWTP management costs. Sewage sludge must undergo some treatment in order to reduce its ...
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 5

 TERMINÉ 
Background Pollution from agriculture is a major pressure on Europe’s freshwater resources. Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous) from fertilisers, pesticides, organic material, pathogenic micro-organisms in sediment and micropollutants are washed into waterways. This is especially the case in areas with intense rainfall and poorly drained soils. In some ...
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 5

 TERMINÉ 
Background The growing problem of scarcity of water of sufficient quality affects around 70% of European citizens, especially those in southern countries where the impact of climate change is greater. In fact, some are living in extreme situations with increased frequency of flooding or drought. As the cost of energy production increases, so too does the ...
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 6

 TERMINÉ 
Background According to a recent United Nations’ report, the percentage of appropriated water has risen by up to 30% in recent years: the consumption of water per capita increases (due to the improvement of living standards), the population grows and as a result, the amount of available water is less than the overall demand. Some regions of the Europea ...
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 2

 TERMINÉ 
Background Across the EU, there are around 16 000 waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). Treatment of waste water is necessary to prevent pollution from being discharged into water courses. It can also provide water that is clean enough for re-use in certain contexts, which can be particularly useful in areas suffering from water stress. However, re-use o ...
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 4