In 2005 in Europe 10,8% of adult working age population (24-64) has participated in Non Vocational Adult Education (NVAE); one benchmark adopted by the Council in 2003 was to reach an average level of participation of at least 12.5%. Recent studies (EAEA, Adult education trends and issues in Europe, 2006; Eurydice, Non vocational adult education in Europe, 2007) show common participation patterns ...