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15 projets européens trouvés

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 TERMINÉ 

Design and redesign of a plant immune receptor complex (ImmunityByPairDesign)

Date du début: 1 oct. 2015, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2020,

This project will (1) reveal design principles of paired immune receptor complexes and (2) elevate plant disease resistance by enabling design of immune receptors with new recognition capacities. Plant immunity is triggered upon pathogen detection by dedicated immune receptors. Like animal Nod-like receptors (NLRs), plant immune receptors have a modular structure and can work in pairs, both of wh ...
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 2

 TERMINÉ 

Understanding transcriptional regulation in plant PAMP-triggered immunity (transcriPTIon)

Date du début: 21 sept. 2016, Date de fin: 20 sept. 2018,

Plants are constantly exposed to a range of microbial pathogens. As plants lack an adaptive immune system, recognition and signalling in the cells directly exposed to pathogens is vital for plant defence and survival, and thus agricultural yields. Initial detection of pathogens is mediated by plant recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), perceived by pattern recognition rece ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Engineering disease resistance gene networks: synthetic helpers for expanded sensors (BoostR)

Date du début: 1 juil. 2016, Date de fin: 30 juin 2018,

To resist pathogen colonisation, plants have evolved a number of complex defense mechanisms that are activated upon recognition of pathogen-secreted molecules. These include cell surface or intracellular immune receptors, through either direct or indirect binding. Nucleotide-binding leucine rich repeat proteins (NB-LRRs or NLR) make up the largest family of intracellular immune receptors. Some of ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Probing mechanisms of pathogen effector recognition by plant Resistance proteins to elevate defence gene activation (PERFECTION)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 mars 2018,

Plant cells tightly regulate gene transcription in response to a changing environment. Stresses, such as pathogen encounters, lead to dramatic transcriptional reprogramming to favor defence activation over basal cellular functions. For effective defence, cells must rapidly alter defence gene mRNA abundance. How extracellular and intracellular recognition of plant pathogens trigger appropriate chan ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

BIO: Banana IN and OUT - engineering resistance against Panama disease in banana (BIO-Banana IN and OUT)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 mars 2018,

Panama disease is a devastating disease of banana caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. A new race called tropical race 4 (TR4) is estimated to threaten >80% of the world’s bananas and can cause up to 100% yield loss. The disease is detrimental to global banana production, but also for small-holder farmers especially in Africa, because Panama disease also affects plantain cultiva ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Investigating how pathogen effector recognition by the host plant activates cell death (HRPCDMECH)

Date du début: 1 févr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 janv. 2018,

Plants are rich sources of nutrients and water for diverse microbial communities. Some of these communities evolved parasitism as a strategy to access plant nutrients, with devastating results for crops. Plants are protected from infection by a waxy cuticular layer above the walls of epidermal cells. Would-be pathogens breaching this barrier, or entering via stomata, encounter an active plant immu ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Signal integration of stomatal stress responses (STORM)

Date du début: 1 déc. 2012, Date de fin: 30 nov. 2017,

"Stomata are pores in the leaf epidermis allowing CO2 uptake essential for photosynthesis, but make plants vulnerable to water loss and pathogen invasion. Plants have therefore mechanisms to close stomata in response to microbes, which, however, must be balanced with the regulation of stomatal movements for photosynthesis and abiotic-stress parameters. The pathways and integration of diverse signa ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Signaling initiation and specificity in BAK1-dependent receptor kinase-mediated innate immunity in Arabidopsis (PHOSPHinnATE)

Date du début: 1 nov. 2012, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2017,

Surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) detect microbes by recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) EFR and FLS2 recognize the bacterial PAMPs EF-Tu and flagellin, respectively. Although the overall importance of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) for plant defense is established, the mechanisms l ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Next generation disease resistance breeding in plants (NGRB)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2012, Date de fin: 31 mars 2017,

"Plant diseases represent a significant threat to global food security. One of the most notorious plant pathogens is the Irish potato famine organism Phytophthora infestans. P. infestans, the causal agent of potato and tomato late blight, continues to cost modern agriculture billions of euros annually. The most sustainable strategy to manage late blight is to breed broad-spectrum disease resistanc ...
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 2

 TERMINÉ 

Genomics and effectoromics to understand defence suppression and disease resistance in Arabidopsis-Albugo candida interactions (ALBUGON)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2009, Date de fin: 30 juin 2014,

"This project focuses on two questions about host/parasite interactions: how do biotrophic plant pathogens suppress host defence? and, what is the basis for pathogen specialization on specific host species? A broadly accepted model explains resistance and susceptibility to plant pathogens. First, pathogens make conserved molecules ( PAMPS ) such as flagellin, that plants detect via cell surface ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Investigating how pathogen effector recognition by plant resistance proteins activates defence (Plant-Def-Mech)

Date du début: 31 mai 2012, Date de fin: 30 mai 2014,

Plants can perceive attacking pathogens via the recognition of conserved Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) resulting in activation of a multi-level plant defence. Pathogens have evolved mechanisms to attenuate PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) via specialized “effector” proteins translocated to the host cell. Effectors can influence diverse host cell pathways in order to manipulate the ce ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Discovering the role of AVRblb2 in suppression of chitin triggered plant immunity (Effector Function)

Date du début: 1 sept. 2010, Date de fin: 31 août 2012,

Phytophthora infestans causes the re-emerging and devastating late blight disease, which threatens potato and tomato production worldwide. With the recent publication of the P. infestans genome, it has become clear that this hemibiotrophic pathogen secretes hundreds of effector proteins to modulate plant immunity and enable colonization. Therefore, my long-term aim is to reveal the mode of action ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Functional Analysis of Plant-Pathogenic Oomycete Effectors and their Targets Inside Plant Cell (POETIC)

Date du début: 12 juil. 2010, Date de fin: 11 juil. 2012,

"Plant-associated organisms secrete molecules to attenuate plant defence signalling and enable colonization of plant tissue. In contrast to bacterial plant pathogens, only a few oomycete effectors have been characterized. Many oomycete effectors carry a signal peptide and RxLR motif, and act inside host cells to suppress immunity. However, the mechanisms by which these effectors act remain to be e ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Manipulation of host target by the AvrBlb2 effector of the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans (AvrBlb2-CPT)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2010, Date de fin: 31 mars 2012,

The late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans is a major threat for potato and tomato crops. It was responsible for the Irish Potato Famine in the mid 1840’s and continues to cause dramatic losses nowadays. This oomycete spreads rapidly and shows remarkable adaptability in overcoming plant defenses. To establish its biotrophic life style, P. infestans secretes proteins called effectors that func ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Host target proteins of Phytophthora secreted effectors (Effector Targets)

Date du début: 1 juin 2008, Date de fin: 31 mai 2010,

Oomycete and fungi deliver a variety of effector proteins into plant host cells to suppress defense responses and enable successful colonization. Some of these effectors are secreted into host apoplast where they target plant enzymes to inhibit their activities. Others are secreted into the host cytoplasm and nucleus where they manipulate host immunity. The mechanisms involved in transport of oomy ...
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 1