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"Low power electronic devices are growing ever more omnipresent in the home and work environments. From digital music players, to cell phones, wireless keyboards, and hearing aids, the operation of all such devices requires available electrical power. Batteries are presently the dominant power source for these applications, however the fixed capacity requires periodic replacement or recharging. ...

Photovoltaic cells (PVCs) use semiconductors to convert light energy into electrical current and are regarded as one of the key technologies towards a sustainable energy supply. The current PVCs supplying power conversion efficiencies of 10–20%. However, their poor absorbing properties and the difficulty in producing uniform thin films over large area substrates make the manufacturing processes qu ...