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Many high duty parts for the automotive sector are forging parts made of steel (e. g. crankshafts and connecting rods). In common forging processes for complicated high duty parts, especially crankshafts (each produced motor vehicle needs one), an excess on material (flash) is technically needed which results in a material utilization between 60 and 80 %. Together with energy the material costs ar ...

"The geometrical spectrum of current warm forging processes is limited concerning the mass distribution of the final work piece geometry. The more the mass distribution varies along the longitudinal axis, the more press operations are necessary, as the tool material can only withstand limited loads. Additional forming operations have a negative impact on the achievable tolerances. This is caused ...