Plus de 40 projets européens trouvés
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TERMINÉ
Computer-Assisted Language Comparison: Reconciling Computational and Classical Approaches in Historical Linguistics (CALC)
Date du début: 1 avr. 2017, Date de fin: 31 mars 2022,
By comparing the languages of the world, we gain invaluable insights into human prehistory, predating the appearance of written records by thousands of years. The traditional methods for language comparison are based on manual data inspection. With more and more data available, they reach their practical limits. Computer applications, however, are not capable of replacing experts' experience and i ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Fundamentals of ASymmeTric Organo-CATalysis (FASTO-CAT)
Date du début: 1 avr. 2017, Date de fin: 31 mars 2022,
For most biologically relevant molecules their chirality is decisive for their function. Within the last two decades asymmetric organo-catalysis has emerged as an environmental benign, metal-free alternative for conventional asymmetric transition metal catalysis. The organo-catalysts, which employ catalyst-substrate interaction motifs commonly found for enzymes, yield unprecedented enantiomeric ex ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Microstructured Topological Materials: A novel route towards topological electronics (MiTopMat)
Date du début: 1 avr. 2017, Date de fin: 31 mars 2022,
Topological semi-metals such as Cd3As2 or TaAs are characterized by two bands crossing at isolated points in momentum space and a linear electronic dispersion around these crossing points. This linear dispersion can be mapped onto the Dirac- or Weyl-Hamiltonian, describing relativistic massless fermions, and thus relativistic phenomena from high-energy physics may appear in these materials. For ex ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Towards chemical accuracy in computational materials science (CC4SOL)
Date du début: 1 avr. 2017, Date de fin: 31 mars 2022,
This project aims at the development of a novel toolbox of ab-initio methods that approximate the true many-electron wavefunction using systematically improvable perturbation and coupled-cluster theories. The demand and prospects for these methods are excellent given that the highly-accurate coupled-cluster theories can predict atomization- and reaction energies in a wide range of solids and molec ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Plant foods in human evolution: Factors affecting the harvest of nutrients from the floral environment (HARVEST)
Date du début: 1 févr. 2017, Date de fin: 31 janv. 2022,
Plant foods comprise the majority of most human diets, yet the potential importance of these foods in human evolution is often overlooked. Using a behavioral ecology framework, the HARVEST project explores fundamental questions: Why did hominins choose to eat certain plants? What were their foraging goals? We will focus on two objectives: 1) Reconstructing the diets of fossil hominins and 2) Explo ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Healthy minds from 0-100 years: Optimising the use of European brain imaging cohorts (Lifebrain)
Date du début: 1 janv. 2017, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2021,
Our main objective is to identify determinants of brain, cognitive and mental health at different stages of life. By integration, harmonisation and enrichment of major European neuroimaging studies of age differences and changes, we will obtain an unparalleled database of fine-grained brain, cognitive and mental health measures of more than 6.000 individuals. Longitudinal brain imaging, genetic an ...
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16
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TERMINÉ
Interaction Dynamics of Bacterial Biofilms with Bacteriophages (BIOFAGE)
Date du début: 1 janv. 2017, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2021,
Biofilms are antibiotic-resistant, sessile bacterial communities that occupy most moist surfaces on Earth and represent a major mode of bacterial life. Another common feature of bacterial life is exposure to viral parasites (termed phages), which are a dominant force in bacterial population control throughout nature. Surprisingly, almost nothing is known about the interactions between biofilm-dwel ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Mapping metabolic regulators at a genome-scale to switch bacteria from growth to overproduction of chemicals (MapMe)
Date du début: 1 janv. 2017, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2021,
Metabolic engineering creates improved microbes for industrial biotechnology. Rational design of industrial microbes centres on modifications of genes with known roles in the production pathway of interest. However, genes that are unrelated to the production pathway are also known to substantially impact productivity. To date there are no methods that allow the prediction of such distal genes on a ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Connecting SOLar and stellar Variabilities (SOLVe)
Date du début: 1 janv. 2017, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2021,
The proposed project aims at answering four general questions of high scientific importance:- How typical is the Sun as active star?- What is the solar role in climate change?- What are the limitations for detectability of Earth-type planets in habitable zones?- Can the solar paradigm help us to explain variability of other stars and to better detect and characterize exoplanets?These exciting ques ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
An integrated approach to understanding the impact of de novo mutations on the mammalian genome (DENOVOMUT)
Date du début: 1 janv. 2017, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2021,
Understanding the process of spontaneous mutation is fundamental for understanding the genetic basis of quantitative variation, the threat posed by declining population size in conservation biology and the distribution of nucleotide variation in the genome. I will address these and other unanswered questions concerning the evolutionary impact of spontaneous mutation using the house mouse as a mode ...
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2
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TERMINÉ
Dissecting the (epi)genetic origins of phenotypic variation and metabolic disease susceptibility (DismantlingNoise)
Date du début: 1 janv. 2017, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2021,
Current estimates place the prevalence of obesity beyond 1 billion by the year 2030. As a critical risk factor for heart disease, diabetes and stroke, obesity represents one of the chief socio-economic challenges of our day. While studies have mapped a genetic framework for understanding obesity, the etiological contribution of several regulatory layers, and in particular epigenetic regulation, re ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Integrated Arctic observation system (INTAROS)
Date du début: 1 déc. 2016, Date de fin: 30 nov. 2021,
The overall objective of INTAROS is to develop an integrated Arctic Observation System (iAOS) by extending, improving and unifying existing systems in the different regions of the Arctic. INTAROS will have a strong multidisciplinary focus, with tools for integration of data from atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and terrestrial sciences, provided by institutions in Europe, North America and Asia. Sate ...
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41
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TERMINÉ
Radiocarbon constraints for models of C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems: from process understanding to global benchmarking (14Constraint)
Date du début: 1 déc. 2016, Date de fin: 30 nov. 2021,
The overall goal of 14Constraint is to enhance the availability and use of radiocarbon data as constraints for process-based understanding of the age distribution of carbon in and respired by soils and ecosystems. Carbon enters ecosystems by a single process, photosynthesis. It returns by a range of processes that depend on plant allocation and turnover, the efficiency and rate of litter decompo ...
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2
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TERMINÉ
Genome sequences from extinct hominins (100 Archaic Genomes)
Date du début: 1 nov. 2016, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2021,
Neandertals and Denisovans, an Asian group distantly related to Neandertals, are the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans. They are thus of direct relevance for understanding the origin of modern humans and how modern humans differ from their closest relatives. We will generate genome-wide data from a large number of Neandertal and Denisovan individuals from across their geographic ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Solar magnetic field and its influence on solar variability and activity (SOLMAG)
Date du début: 1 oct. 2016, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2021,
For life on Earth, the Sun is the most important astrophysical object in the universe. For astrophysicists, the atmosphere of the Sun presents an intriguing, complex and extremely varied environment generated by continuous dynamic, small-scale interactions between plasma and intricately structured magnetic fields.The purpose of this proposal is to elucidate the physics underlying the structure and ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Electron-lattice-spin correlations and many-body phenomena in 2D semiconductors and related heterostructures (FLATLAND)
Date du début: 1 oct. 2016, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2021,
Two-dimensional crystalline materials exhibit exceptional physical properties and offer fascinating potential as fundamental building blocks for future two-dimensional electronic and optoelectronic devices. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are of particular interest as they show a variety of many-body phenomena and correlation effects. Key properties are: i) additional internal degrees of ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Rules of self-organization and reengineering of liver tissue (RULLIVER)
Date du début: 1 oct. 2016, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2021,
We want to understand the rules of self-organization underlying tissue structure and function. To address this problem, we have chosen the mouse liver with its complex apico-basal polarity of hepatocytes and its unique 3D tissue organization. We aim at identifying the rules of self-organization of liver tissue and their implementation at the molecular level. Our ultimate goal is to demonstrate tha ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Physics of Star Formation and Its Regulation (PhysSF)
Date du début: 1 oct. 2016, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2021,
In the past decade we learned when and where stellar mass was built up in galaxies through cosmic time, now we must understand the physical causes in order to answer `How do galaxies form and evolve?’. This ERC project is designed to greatly advance our understanding of the physics of the star formation (SF) process and its regulation in typical star forming galaxies. The ERC project consists of 2 ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Quantum Spectroscopy: exploring new states of matter out of equilibrium (QSpec-NewMat)
Date du début: 1 oct. 2016, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2021,
This project addresses the development of novel theoretical and computational tools that utilize the quantum nature of light to understand and control quantum phenomena in complex systems in and out of equilibrium. Some examples of these processes include exciton-exciton interaction, quantum coherence, assisted energy and charge transport, photochemistry, and new states of matter. The present proj ...
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2
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TERMINÉ
Blood Vessel Development and Homeostasis: Identification and Functional Analysis of Genetic Modifiers (ZMOD)
Date du début: 1 oct. 2016, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2021,
The vascular system is a complex network of blood vessels that transports gases, nutrients and hormones throughout the organism. Most blood vessels that form during development and growth arise by the sprouting of new capillaries from pre-existing vessels, a process termed angiogenesis. An imbalance in angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous disease states: insufficient angiogen ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Elucidation of autophagy using novel chemical probes (ChemBioAP)
Date du début: 1 sept. 2016, Date de fin: 31 août 2021,
The interest on autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process in eukaryotes, has enormously increased in the last years, since autophagy is involved in many diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Autophagosome formation is the key process in autophagy. Despite extensive work, the model of autophagosome formation is not yet well established. Some important questions on autophagos ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Gravity, Inflation, and Galaxies: Fundamental Physics with Large-Scale Structure (GrInflaGal)
Date du début: 1 sept. 2016, Date de fin: 31 août 2021,
Over the past two decades, a data-driven revolution has occurred in our understanding of the origin and evolution of our Universe and the structure within it. During this period, cosmology has evolved from a speculative branch of theoretical physics into precision science at the intersection of gravity, particle- and astrophysics. Despite all we have learned, we still do not understand why the Uni ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Small - and nano - scale soft phononics (Smartphon)
Date du début: 1 sept. 2016, Date de fin: 31 août 2021,
Colloid and polymer science allows the engineering of acoustic and optical material functionalities of hierarchical structures on various length scales commensurate with and well below the characteristic length scales of phonons and photons. Periodic structures act as both hypersonic phononic and visible light photonic crystals (phoxonics). We recently extended the decade-old field to hypersonic p ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Ultrafast spin transport and magnetic order controlled by terahertz electromagnetic pulses (TERAMAG)
Date du début: 1 juil. 2016, Date de fin: 30 juin 2021,
In order to fully exploit the electron spin as a signal carrier in future information processing, spins need to be transported and flipped as fast as possible. Spintronics research aims at implementing these operations by electric fields in circuitry, but has so far been limited to frequencies below ~10 GHz. The much faster complementary femtomagnetism approach employs femtosecond laser pulses (ca ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Absolute Spin Dynamics in Quantum Materials (ABSOLUTESPIN)
Date du début: 1 juil. 2016, Date de fin: 30 juin 2021,
One of the greatest challenges in exploiting the electron spin for information processing is that it is not a conserved quantity like the electron charge. In addition, spin lifetimes are rather short and correspondingly coherence is quickly lost. This challenge culminates in the coherent manipulation and detection of information from a single spin. Except in a few special systems, so far, single s ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Structural biology of mammalian transcription regulation (TRANSREGULON)
Date du début: 1 juil. 2016, Date de fin: 30 juin 2021,
The regulation of gene transcription by RNA polymerase (Pol) II underlies cell differentiation and organism development, and its dysregulation causes many cancers. Transcription regulation occurs during initiation, when Pol II assembles with initiation factors on promoter DNA, but also during mRNA chain elongation, when Pol II pauses near the promoter before it restarts upon activation. Our previo ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Imaging synaptic plasticity by ultra-high field magnetic resonance spectroscopy in health and psychiatric disease (SYNAPLAST MR)
Date du début: 1 juil. 2016, Date de fin: 30 juin 2021,
A large number of psychiatric disorders (major and bipolar depression (MDD / BD), schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), addiction, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome (ADHS), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), autism) lack objective criteria for primary diagnosis, early differential diagnosis with regard to subtypes in treatment response and disease progression or ef ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Rydberg dressed quantum many-body systems (RyD-QMB)
Date du début: 1 juin 2016, Date de fin: 31 mai 2021,
The project “Rydberg dressed quantum many-body systems” (RyD-QMB) will experimentally study long-range interacting atomic quantum many-body systems with tailored microscopic interactions. It will explore supersolidity expected for ultracold bosonic systems with soft-core interactions and realize quantum magnets, that are designable almost at will and feature unprecedented coupling strengths. As su ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Transgenerational regulation of glucose metabolism by noncoding RNAs (TransGen RNA)
Date du début: 1 mai 2016, Date de fin: 30 avr. 2021,
Obesity and T2D affect large populations and cause a decline in life expectancy if untreated. The pandemic proportion of obesity and inaptitude of anti-obesity approaches reflect our limited understanding of its complex environmental and genetic etiology. Genome-wide association studies revealed that disease-associated risk variants are often situated in those 98% of the genome not encoding for pr ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Development and Evolution of Colour Patterns in Danio species (DanioPattern)
Date du début: 1 nov. 2016, Date de fin: 30 avr. 2021,
Colour patterns are prominent features of many animals and have important functions in communication such as camouflage, kin recognition and mate selection. Colour patterns are highly variable and evolve rapidly leading to large diversities even within a single genus. As targets for natural as well as sexual selection, they are of high evolutionary significance. The zebrafish (Danio rerio), a vert ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Myelinic nanochannels in neurodegenerative diseases (MyeliNANO)
Date du début: 1 avr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 mars 2021,
Myelin is made by highly specialized glial cells and enables fast axonal impulse propagation. We have discovered that oligodendrocytes in the CNS are, in addition to myelination, required for the integrity and survival of axons, independent of the presence or absence of myelin itself. More recently, we found the underlying mechanism and could show that glycolytic oligodendrocytes provide axons wit ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Are social skills determined by early live experiences? (ApeAttachment)
Date du début: 1 avr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 mars 2021,
Social bonding success in life impacts on health, survival and fitness. It is proposed that early and later social experience as well as heritable factors determine social bonding abilities in adulthood, although the relative influence of each is unclear. In humans, the resulting uncertainty likely impedes psychological and psychiatric assessment and therapy. One problem hampering progress for hum ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
The Physics of Galaxies 7 Gyr Ago (LEGA-C)
Date du début: 1 avr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 mars 2021,
Over the past decade, redshift surveys and multi-wavelength imaging campaigns have drawn up an empirical picture of how many stars had formed in which types of galaxies over the history of the universe. However, we have yet to unravel the individual pathways along which galaxies evolve, and the physical processes that drive them. Continuing with the previous approach -- larger and deeper photome ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Logical Foundations for the Future of Safe Systems Programming (RustBelt)
Date du début: 1 avr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 mars 2021,
"A longstanding question in the design of programming languages is how to balance safety and control. C-like languages give programmers low-level control over resource management at the expense of safety, whereas Java-like languages give programmers safe high-level abstractions at the expense of control.Rust is a new language developed at Mozilla Research that marries together the low-level flexib ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Arctic Impact on Weather and Climate (Blue-Action)
Date du début: 1 déc. 2016, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2021,
Blue-Action will provide fundamental and empirically-grounded, executable science that quantifies and explains the role of a changing Arctic in increasing predictive capability of weather and climate of the Northern Hemisphere.To achieve this Blue-Action will take a transdisciplinary approach, bridging scientific understanding within Arctic climate, weather and risk management research, with key s ...
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40
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TERMINÉ
Mechanisms of protein translocation in ER-associated protein degradation and the related protein import into the apicoplast of Plasmodium falciparum (ERAD_SELMA)
Date du début: 1 mars 2016, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2021,
The removal of misfolded proteins is an essential process in all cells. Failure to dispose of such proteins often results in disease. A particularly intriguing process serves to discard misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER does not itself degrade proteins, so machinery has evolved that moves misfolded proteins into the cytosol where they can be degraded by the proteasome. ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Teaching Emerging Methods in Palaeoproteomics for the European Research Area (TEMPERA)
Date du début: 1 mars 2017, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2021,
TEMPERA will provide international, intersectoral and interdisciplinary state-of-the-art doctoral training to prepare the next generation of specialists in mass spectrometry-based ancient protein residues analysis for biomolecular diagnostics and conservation of cultural heritage material.Due to their chemical and mechanical properties, proteins have always represented the category of biomolecules ...
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6
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TERMINÉ
Origins of the Molecular Cloud Structure (PROMISE)
Date du début: 1 févr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 janv. 2021,
Understanding the physical processes that control the life-cycle of the interstellar medium (ISM) is one of the key themes in the astrophysics of galaxies today. This importance originates from the role of the ISM as the birthplace of new stars, and therefore, as an indivisible component of galaxy evolution. Exactly how the conversion of the ISM to stars takes place is intricately linked to how th ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
imPACT – Privacy, Accountability, Compliance, and Trust in Tomorrow’s Internet (imPACT)
Date du début: 1 févr. 2015, Date de fin: 31 janv. 2021,
The Internet has evolved from a mere communication network used by tens of millions of users twodecades ago, to a global multimedia platform for communication, social networking, entertainment,education, trade and political activism used by more than two billion users. This transformation hasbrought tremendous benefits to society, but has also created entirely new threats to privacy, safety,law en ...
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2
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TERMINÉ
Advanced Radio Astronomy in Europe (RadioNet)
Date du début: 1 janv. 2017, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2020,
RadioNet is a consortium of 28 institutions in Europe, Republic of Korea and South Africa, integrating at European level world-class infrastructures for research in radio astronomy. These include radio telescopes, telescope arrays, data archives and the globally operating European Network for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (EVN). RadioNet is de facto widely regarded to represent the interests o ...
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