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13 projets européens trouvés

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 TERMINÉ 

The evolutionary implications of genetic conflict (GENCON)

Date du début: 1 mai 2012, Date de fin: 30 avr. 2017,

The study of genetic conflict is developing at an almost explosive rate. The recognition that genes or alleles residing in individuals of the two sexes may have conflicting interests is transforming evolutionary biology and, likewise, conflict between genes showing different modes of transmission may fundamentally affect adaptive evolution. The research proposed here will push the frontiers of gen ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Development and implementation of a new, and non existent, logistics chain for biomass from pruning (EuroPruning)

Date du début: 15 avr. 2013, Date de fin: 14 juil. 2016,

Agricultural residues could represent a good source of biomass to convert into energy in particular wherever it is impractical to convert cropland to energy crop cultivation . According to FAO’s reportage (1997) , large quantities of ligneous biomass can be obtained from pruning operations carried out in Mediterranean fruit plantations. Agricultural residues therefore play an important role in any ...
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 19

 TERMINÉ 

Aging Differently: Understanding Sex Differences in Reproductive, Demographic and Functional Senescence (AGINGSEXDIFF)

Date du début: 1 déc. 2010, Date de fin: 31 mai 2016,

Sex differences in life span and aging are ubiquitous across the animal kingdom and represent along-standing challenge in evolutionary biology. In most species, including humans, sexes differ notonly in how long they live and when they start to senesce, but also in how they react toenvironmental interventions aimed at prolonging their life span or decelerating the onset of aging.Therefore, sex dif ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Addictions and Lifestyles In Contemporary Europe – Reframing Addictions Project (ALICE RAP)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2011, Date de fin: 31 mars 2016,

ALICE RAP is a Europe wide project of 43 partner research institutions involving 107 researchers from 25 European countries providing 1000 months of a plurality of scientific endeavour to analyse the place and challenges of addictions and lifestyles to the cohesion, organization and functioning of contemporary European society. Through integrated multidisciplinary research, a wide range of factors ...
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 46

 TERMINÉ 

Symbiomics: Molecular Ecology and Evolution of Bacterial Symbionts (Symbiomics)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2011, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2014,

Symbiosis research is currently in the midst of a revolution as molecular techniques are leading to major breakthroughs in our understanding of interactions between animals and microbes. There is an emerging recognition that all animals are intimately associated with a complex community of beneficial microbes that are essential for their development, nutrition, and health. Thus, modern symbiosis r ...
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 10

 TERMINÉ 

Origin and evolution of host-association and pathogenicity in the Rickettsiales (RICKOCHET)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2011, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2013,

"Despite that many human diseases are caused by bacterial pathogens, not much is known about how these pathogenic bacteria emerge. The alpha-proteobacterial order Rickettsiales comprises intracellular bacterial pathogens, including the causative agent of epidemic typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii. The overall aim of the current project is to gain insight in the evolutionary transition from free-living ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Hot sheet metal forming of aerospace materials - Virtual manufacturing and enhanced quality (ViMaQ)

Date du début: 1 nov. 2011, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2013,

Hot stamping allows producing complex geometries from high performing materials. The use of this technique is increasing among automotive manufacturers because of the possibility to reduce weight without compromising with performance.The aim of this study is to tailor the press hardening technique to fit the materials and demands of the turbofan engine, hoping to reduce weight, waste, machining an ...
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 2

 TERMINÉ 

Speciation genomics in a wild bird populations (SpeciationGenomics)

Date du début: 1 oct. 2010, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2013,

The field of speciation lies at the heart of evolutionary biology and is the driving force behind biodiversity. Nevertheless, many central questions regarding speciation remain unsolved. However, recent advances in the development of molecular genetic tools open novel ways to approach the core assumptions of models on speciation. The aim of this research plan is to take advantage of this broad ran ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Haploid selection in animals (HAPSELA)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2011, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2012,

"Unlike in plants, selection during the haploid (gametic) phase of the life cycle has been assumed to be insignificant in animals. The main reason for this assumption is that gene expression in mature sperm was thought to be absent due to the densely packed nuclear DNA. However, there is increasing evidence that several genes are indeed expressed in mature sperm and hence may be under selection. I ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Evolution of Form and Function on a Unique Eukaryotic Organism (Dictyostelia) (DictyToL)

Date du début: 1 mars 2010, Date de fin: 29 août 2012,

The dictyostelids (social amoebae) are a major group of soil microbes that hover at the borderline of true multicellularity. With the completion of the Dictyostelium discoideum genome in late 2005 and the publication of the first molecular phylogeny in late 2006, Dictyostelia is gaining increasing importance as an evolutionary model system. It is a powerful and unique system for studying the evolu ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Contradictory phenotypic and genetic sex can lead to great insights into sex chromosome evolution (NEW SEX SAME GENES)

Date du début: 1 juil. 2010, Date de fin: 30 juin 2012,

"For the first time the possibility to change certain species sex while maintaining their original sex chromosomes is presented as an excellent opportunity to unravel aspects of sex chromosome evolution. Theory of sex chromosome evolution states that sexually antagonistic genes, i.e. genes that are beneficial to one sex but at the same time harmful to the opposite sex, should often be linked to on ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Cytonuclear coevolution and speciation genomics in natural populations (Cytonuclear Genomics)

Date du début: 1 mars 2010, Date de fin: 29 févr. 2012,

My project will investigate the interactions between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Proteins encoded by both genomes are required for cell respiration, the main source of energy production in eukaryotes. Selection is strong for optimal function of cell respiration, leading to coadaptation of mitochondrial and nuclear genes (“cytonuclear coevolution”). Experiments have show that the breakup ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Integrative taxonomy and the origin of species (Integrative taxonomy)

Date du début: 1 août 2008, Date de fin: 31 juil. 2010,

Morphological, behavioural and molecular characters are of interest in evolutionary biology because they evidence lineage divergence and are contingent properties of species. With the incorporation of molecular biology into taxonomy, taxonomists realized that species diversity could not be completely deciphered using morphology alone. Nonetheless, the incorporation of multiple biological propertie ...
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 1