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22 projets européens trouvés

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 TERMINÉ 

Sensing activity-induced cell swellings and ensuing neurotransmitter releases for in-vivo functional imaging sans hemodynamics (DIRECT-fMRI)

Date du début: 1 mars 2016, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2021,

Functional-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has transformed our understanding of brain function due to its ability to noninvasively tag ‘active’ brain regions. Nevertheless, fMRI only detects neural activity indirectly, by relying on slow hemodynamic couplings whose relationships with underlying neural activity are not fully known. We have recently pioneered two unique MR approaches: Non-Uniform ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Modulation of cortical circuits and predictive neural coding by serotonin (5HTCircuits)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2016, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2020,

Serotonin (5-HT) is a central neuromodulator and a major target of therapeutic psychoactive drugs, but relatively little is known about how it modulates information processing in neural circuits. The theory of predictive coding postulates that the brain combines raw bottom-up sensory information with top-down information from internal models to make perceptual inferences about the world. We hypoth ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

New therapies for uveal melanoma (UM Cure 2020)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2016, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2020,

Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare intraocular tumour with an incidence of 5 cases per million individuals per year. Up to 50% of UM patients develop metastases, most often in the liver, and these are invariably fatal. Despite new discoveries in the genetic and molecular background of the primary tumour, little is known about the metastatic disease; furthermore, there is no therapy to either prevent or ...
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 13

 TERMINÉ 

Cerebellar circuit mechanisms of coordinated locomotion in mice (LOCOMOUSE)

Date du début: 1 mai 2015, Date de fin: 30 avr. 2020,

A remarkable aspect of motor control is our seemingly effortless ability to generate coordinated movements. How is activity within neural circuits orchestrated to allow us to engage in complex activities like gymnastics, riding a bike, or walking down the street while drinking a cup of coffee? The cerebellum is critical for coordinated movement, and the well-described, stereotyped circuitry of the ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Neural bases of action chunking in basal ganglia subcircuits (NEURALCHUNK)

Date du début: 1 nov. 2014, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2019,

"Chunking allows the brain to efficiently organize memories and actions. Although basal ganglia circuits have been implicated in action chunking, little is known about how individual elements are concatenated into a behavioral unit at the neuronal level. Using a differential reinforcement procedure where mice learn to chunk rapid action sequences, we uncovered neuronal activity encoding entire seq ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Dissecting specific amygdala-striatal circuits for exploration (DASCE)

Date du début: 1 sept. 2017, Date de fin: 31 août 2019,

Survival and adaptation are dependent on an animal's ability to gain novel information in unfamiliar surroundings. Similar to other animal classes, mammals must use a variety of innate and learned exploratory strategies that are dictated by unpredictable or unknown circumstances. As the combination of emotional processes and planning of complex actions are essential for the development of such str ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Circuits of con-specific observation (C.o.C.O.)

Date du début: 1 déc. 2013, Date de fin: 30 nov. 2018,

A great deal is known about the neural basis of associative fear learning. However, many animal species are able to use social cues to recognize threats, a defence mechanism that may be less costly than learning from self-experience. We have previously shown that rats perceive the cessation of movement-evoked sound as a signal of danger and its resumption as a signal of safety. To study transmissi ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Human Brain Project Specific Grant Agreement 1 (HBP SGA1)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2016, Date de fin: 31 mars 2018,

Understanding the human brain is one of the greatest scientific challenges of our time. Such an understanding can provide profound insights into our humanity, leading to fundamentally new computing technologies, and transforming the diagnosis and treatment of brain disorders. Modern ICT brings this prospect within reach. The HBP Flagship Initiative (HBP) thus proposes a unique strategy that uses I ...
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 126

 TERMINÉ 

Stable Brain-Machine control via a learnable standalone interface (BrainControl)

Date du début: 1 sept. 2016, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2018,

Non-invasive Brain Machine Interfaces (BMI) bring great promise for neuro-rehabilitation and neuro-prosthesis, as well as for brain control of everyday devices and performance of simple tasks. Over the last 15 years the interest in BMIs has grown substantially, and a variety of interfaces have been developed. The field has been growing dramatically, and market studies reveal an estimated market si ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Neural bases of visually guided walking in the fly (SensorimotorFly)

Date du début: 1 sept. 2013, Date de fin: 31 août 2017,

Knowing how to get to a food source, approximate towards conspecifics or avoid a predator, are orientation behaviours with remarkable consequence for the success of an individual and the fitness of the species. They all depend on the brain’s ability to process sensory stimuli and integrate this with ongoing behaviour to generate spatial information that guides actions. Although much is known about ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Sound Localization by Neuronal Populations in the Rat Auditory Cortex (SOUNDSOURCE_RAT_AC)

Date du début: 1 mai 2013, Date de fin: 30 avr. 2017,

"How does the accuracy of sensory representations constrain the ability of the organism to perform perceptual discriminations? In this project, we will address this issue by characterizing the activity of populations of neurons in the rat auditory cortex while they perform a two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task for detecting sound location relative to the midline. We will first establ ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

From surrogate hemodynamics-based fMRI towards direct functional imaging of neural activity via sensing activity-induced cell swellings and neurotransmitter releases in vivo (SPECIFIC fMRI)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2015, Date de fin: 31 mars 2017,

Functional-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has transformed our understanding of brain function due to its ability to noninvasively tag ‘active’ brain regions. Nevertheless, fMRI only detects neural activity indirectly, by relying on slow hemodynamic couplings whose relationships with underlying neural activity are not fully known. We have recently pioneered two unique MR approaches: Non-Uniform ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

The rules of connectivity of genetically-defined long-range projections (LONG_RANGE_CC)

Date du début: 1 mars 2013, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2017,

"Given the complexity of the neocortex, the need for establishing simplifying principles of connectivity is paramount. Local cortical circuits form stereotyped connections across the neocortex. Within a cortical column, connections show laminar specificity and target preferentially particular cell-types while avoiding others. In addition, subnetworks of highly interconnected neurons are embedded i ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Investigation of local and global cortical circuits with advanced neural probes for high-resolution electrophysiological monitoring and optogenetic stimulation (NeuroSeeker)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2013, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2016,

Most cognitive functions are based on computations that take place in the cerebral cortex, composed of a larger number of areas, each with a complex anatomical structure, with neurons of different types and in different layers interacting according to a precise scheme. The anatomical organization of cortical areas is similar, with some modulation according to its sensory, motor or associative func ...
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 11

 TERMINÉ 

The Human Brain Project (HBP)

Date du début: 1 oct. 2013, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2016,

Understanding the human brain is one of the greatest challenges facing 21st century science. If we can rise to the challenge, we can gain profound insights into what makes us human, develop new treatments for brain diseases and build revolutionary new computing technologies. Today, for the first time, modern ICT has brought these goals within sight. The goal of the Human Brain Project, part of the ...
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 116

 TERMINÉ 

Optogenetic Analysis of Serotonin Function in the Mammalian Brain (5HT-OPTOGENETICS)

Date du début: 1 juil. 2010, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2015,

Serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in a wide spectrum of brain functions and disorders. However, its functions remain controversial and enigmatic. We suggest that past work on the 5-HT system have been significantly hampered by technical limitations in the selectivity and temporal resolution of the conventional pharmacological and electrophysiological methods that have been applied. We therefore propo ...
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 2

 TERMINÉ 

Neural mechanisms underlying rapid modulation of spatial attention in cortex and superior colliculus (SPATIAL ATTENTION)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2014, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2015,

We are constantly inundated with a barrage of sensory information. At any given instant, however, only a small key fraction of this sensory world is relevant for taking action. Our brains must select out the critical input and use it to guide behavioral response. We often call this selection process attention.A field mouse, for example, scurrying through the grass scanning for delicious morsels at ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Systems neuroscience of Drosophila: from genes to circuits to behaviour (FLIACT)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2012, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2015,

Understanding how the brain works represents one of the greatest challenges in modern science. This question embraces mechanisms spanning multiple levels of description, from genes to biochemical pathways, from neurons to circuits, from circuit activities to adaptive behaviours. The goal of the FLiACT programme is to train young researchers in the concepts and techniques necessary to study integra ...
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 11

 TERMINÉ 

Neural Circuits Underlying Visually Guided Behaviour (FISHBRAIN)

Date du début: 1 sept. 2011, Date de fin: 31 août 2015,

"A fundamental goal of neuroscience is to understand how information processing in neural circuits gives rise to behavior. Even the simplest actions can involve hundreds of neurons distributed throughout the brain. However, for most behaviors, little is known about which neurons play an important role, how they are organized into circuits, or how activity is transformed between different brain ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Neural mechanisms of action learning and action selection: from intent to habit (Neurohabit)

Date du début: 1 nov. 2009, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2014,

In every day life, we constantly have to select the appropriate actions to obtain specific outcomes. Actions can be selected based on their consequences, for example when we press an elevator button to get to the particular floor where we live. This goal-directed behaviour is crucial to face the ever-changing environment but demands an effortful control and monitoring of the response; one way to b ...
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 2

 TERMINÉ 

Brain controlled aircraft flight using multiple feedback mechanisms (BRAINFLIGHT)

Date du début: 1 juin 2012, Date de fin: 31 mai 2014,

"Several studies have revealed that the activity of neurons is sufficiently capable of providing enough data to enable the control of an electronic device using solely signals provided by the brain. Project BRAINFLIGHT proposes the application of this kind of control in the world of aircraft, to enable people to control aircraft using only neural signals emitted from their brain. This kind of appr ...
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 4

 TERMINÉ 

Neural mechanisms underlying the encoding of sensory and contextual information in primary olfactory cortex (ODOR CONTEXT)

Date du début: 1 mars 2012, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2014,

"I am interested in understanding how sensory percepts lead to behavior. Olfaction is one of the most dominant senses across many organisms. For rodents, the sense of smell is particularly crucial. The context in which odors are experienced is a not only a critical component in decoding the behavioral significance of the odors but also powerfully influences their perceptual qualities. The neural m ...
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 1