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 TERMINÉ 
Background The domestic household sector is one of the largest consumers of electrical energy in the EU, consuming around 30% of the total electrical energy supply. The total energy consumption of EU households in 2010 was about 840 TWh/yr, with a per capita consumption of 6.2 MWh/yr, distributed over 140 million households. In the past few years, the de ...
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 4

 TERMINÉ 
Background The codling moth (Cydia Pomonella) is a major pest of deciduous fruit orchards throughout the world. Left uncontrolled, it can destroy up to 80% or more of fruit crops. Conventional control methods involve a combination of different agri-chemical treatments. However, this has a number of adverse side effects, such as the destruction of useful ...
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 3

 TERMINÉ 

Silicon sUbstrates from an inteGrated Automated pRocess (SUGAR)

Date du début: 1 oct. 2010, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2013,

...f the ultra-thin solar wafers, a material, for instance a metallic material, with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, is deposited on the substrate at high temperature. The system is then cooled down, and the difference of thermal expansion induces some stress in the silicon substrate. When the stress exceeds the mechanical strength of silicon, a crack propagates parallel to the surface, and ...
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 TERMINÉ 
Background The household sector is one of the largest users of electrical energy in the European Economic Area, responsible for 29% of its total electrical energy consumption. Cold appliances (refrigerators and freezers) account for 9-25% of household energy consumption. The Directive 2006/32/EC on energy end-use efficiency and energy services establishes ...
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 5

 TERMINÉ 
Background The management of soil-borne pests in intensive horticultural systems was based for years on the use of methyl bromide. However, this chemical reacts in the atmosphere to release elemental bromine, which is severely damaging to the ozone layer. It was the subject of phase-out requirements under international agreements in the 1980s. Phasing out ...
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 5

 TERMINÉ 
...cing energy inputs and the carbon footprint of European shoe manufacturing processes. The product has been successfully launched into the market and now is part of the product portfolio of The Dow Chemical Company under the sustainable product family name of Voralast R™. This product is expected to perform well as a competitive alternative to other polyurethane options due to several key advant ...
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