Mutations in GATA3, a dual zinc-finger transcription factor, cause the autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism, deafness, renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome, and down-regulation of GATA3 results in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The renal abnormalities in HDR patients consist of cysts, renal aplasia/hypoplasia, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, and vesicoureteral reflux. In the developing kid ...