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17 projets européens trouvés

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 TERMINÉ 

Functional Brain Tractography (F-TRACT)

Date du début: 1 août 2014, Date de fin: 31 juil. 2019,

"Single-pulse direct electrical stimulation of cortical regions in patients suffering from focal drug-resistant epilepsy who are explored using intracranial electrodes induces electrophysiological responses. Such cortico-cortical induced potentials can be used to infer functional and anatomical brain connectivity.We will develop methods to analyse those responses using neuroimaging tools in order ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Deciphering cytosolic antibacterial immunity: from triggering bacteriolysis to Aim2 inflammasome activation (CytoBacLysis)

Date du début: 1 nov. 2012, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2018,

Bacteria replicating within host cells either multiply in membrane-bound compartment or escape into the host cytosol. The host cytosol has long been considered as a safe haven for bacteria. However, the host cytosol is armed with an array of innate immune receptors detecting cytosolic invasion. Furthermore, the macrophage cytosol displays a bacteriolytic activity, which is inducible by IFN. Surpri ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Identification of alternative splicing networks defining embryonic stem cell identity (SPLICE-STEM)

Date du début: 1 mars 2014, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2018,

"Adult, embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) possess the fundamental properties to self-renew while remaining pluripotent. These unique capacities are regulated by gene networks which expression is tightly controlled at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to insure proper stem cell fate decisions in response to developmental or environmen ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Environmentally-induced Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (E-DOHAD)

Date du début: 1 févr. 2013, Date de fin: 31 janv. 2018,

The DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) hypothesis states that, because of developmental plasticity, in utero and early postnatal stressors can increase chronic disease risk in childhood and later. Alterations of epigenetic marks, impacting on gene expression, are one mechanism that could explain such long-term impact. These hypotheses have so far been tested mostly in animals, and ...
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 2

 TERMINÉ 

Differentiation and role of Natural Killer cell subsets (DIRONAKI)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2012, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2017,

"NK cells are innate lymphocytes that play a role in the early response against intracellular pathogens and against tumors. Several NK cell subsets have been described in peripheral organs that correspond to discrete stages of in vivo maturation. How NK cells differentiate from early precursors and what are the specific functions of each NK cell subset are unresolved issues. Here, we propose a thr ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Competition between bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of auditory attention: neurophysiological and physiopathological mechanisms of distractibility (DISTRACTIBILITY)

Date du début: 1 mars 2012, Date de fin: 29 févr. 2016,

Attention is the brain function by which we, voluntarily or not, improve the processing of specific information in our environment while other information is disregarded. In principle, the entry of information to the limited-capacity system is controlled by two types of processes: top-down (TD) and bottom-up (BU) processes. TD attention enables the good performance of an on-going task by selecting ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Neuronal NanoCarbon Interfacing Structures (NeuroCare)

Date du début: 1 mars 2012, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2015,

NeuroCare aims to create better retinal, cortical and cochlear implantable devices through the use of improved interfacing between the electronic implants and living cells. The NeuroCare concept involves low-cost, carbon-based materials, well-adapted for medical implants, because they (i) offer wide range of electronic properties (metal, semiconductor and insulator), (ii) are bio-inert and (iii) a ...
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 14

 TERMINÉ 

Cell biology of inflammasome activation in macrophages infected with Francisella (InflaFran)

Date du début: 15 janv. 2011, Date de fin: 14 janv. 2015,

The inflammasome is an innate immune signalling pathway that is key to fight infections. Inflammasome activation leads to caspase-1 activation, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and host cell death. Inflammation and cell death can be deleterious for the host and the inflammasome has been involved in numerous inflammatory syndromes. Despite its key importance in the immune responses to infect ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Molecular Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus Neutralization and Entry For the Development of Novel Antiviral Immunopreventive Strategies (HEPCENT)

Date du début: 1 avr. 2009, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2014,

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease world-wide. HCV-induced end-stage liver disease such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma represent a major concern in global health. Treatment options for chronic hepatitis C are limited and no vaccine against HCV infection is available. Vaccine development is hampered by several obstacles. High viral variabi ...
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 2

 TERMINÉ 

Regulatory effects of mindfulness meditation on attention and epilepsy: behavioral, clinical, and neuronal correlates (Attention Regulation)

Date du début: 1 nov. 2010, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2014,

Mindfulness meditation is a standard form of meditation that intends to enhance qualities of concentration and meta-cognitive monitoring. Mindfulness meditation has been adapted and routinely incorporated in the American and European healthcare systems for the purpose of stress reduction and emotion regulation, particularly among clinical populations with anxiety, depression, chronic pain, and man ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Hepatitis C virus virion-bound proteins: identification in clinical samples and in vitro dissection of their importance in the viral life cycle (HCV-bound proteins)

Date du début: 1 juil. 2010, Date de fin: 30 juin 2014,

The emergence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has prompted a search for a thorough understanding of the biology of one of its major causative agents, the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Half of genotype 1 patients, the most numerous in Europe, do not respond to treatment, putting them at risk for cirrhosis and HCC. HCV particles acquire via budding and encapsidation cellular proteins. There is mounting ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Prefrontal and cingulate interactions in cognitive control: reversible inactivation and electrocorticograms (Reversible Cognition)

Date du début: 1 mars 2012, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2014,

An important feature of human cognition is its remarkable flexibility. Cognitive control refers to processes that allow behaviour to vary adaptively depending on current goals. Understanding it is therefore fundamental to knowing how our behaviour can be adapted and flexible. Deficits in cognitive control, and imbalances in related neurotransmitters such as dopamine, are associated with a number o ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

RNA and Epigenetics: RNAi-Driven Chromatin Modifications (RNAiEpiMod)

Date du début: 1 janv. 2009, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2013,

RNA interference (RNAi) mediates chromatin modifications in fungi, plants, drosophila and vertebrates. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the molecular mechanisms are the most detailed, it is believed that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide the RNA-Induced Transcriptional Silencing (RITS) complex to specific chromatin regions to trigger formation of heterochromatin. Although ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Role of Notch-dependent Neurone-glia signalling in sleep and brain function (INSOMNOTCH)

Date du début: 1 mars 2010, Date de fin: 30 nov. 2013,

"Sleep disruption leads to cognitive impairments, mood disorders and metabolic dysregulations demonstrating the critical importance of sleep in human health. In addition, sleep disorders such as insomnia are highly prevalent in the general population with major medical and societal consequences. Despite decades of research, the cellular and molecular processes by which sleep maintains normal brain ...
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 1

 TERMINÉ 

Virtual Physiological Human Network of Excellence (VPH NoE)

Date du début: 1 juin 2008, Date de fin: 31 mai 2013,

Description The Virtual Physiological Human Network of Excellence (VPH NoE), 2008-2013, served as a rallying point and source of best-practice information for the VPH community.  This role has now has been passed to the VPH Institute (http://www.vph-institute.org/).  The tools and educational/outreach materials developed by the VPH NoE – and ...
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 23

 TERMINÉ 

Self-Constructing Computing Systems (SECO)

Date du début: 1 mars 2008, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2013,

Although the density and speed of integrated circuits has grown exponentially during the last decades, so too have costs of fabrication and test facilities. Current computational methods depend on completely reliable hardware, a constraint that greatly increases the degree of fabrication precision required to avoid failure of individual components, and also increases the amount of post-fabrication ...
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 7

 TERMINÉ 

Biochemically Equivalent Substitutive Technology for Stem Cells (BEST-Stem cells)

Date du début: 1 juil. 2009, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2012,

Current technology to control embryonic and adult stem cell behaviour is dependent on conventional in vitro culture systems and crude factors such as serum and purified proteins, often sourced from vertebrate animal tissue. These factors contribute to variations in cell properties and differentiation potential which impact on the efficacy of cell culture. More worryingly these factors are potentia ...
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 8