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 TERMINÉ 
Background Plant diseases caused by bacteria and nematodes often result in sudden and devastating financial losses to farmers, and are extremely difficult to control. Similarly, plant-parasitic nematodes are responsible for heavy crop losses (up to 12%) and the diseases they cause are difficult to control. Traditionally, nematode-related diseases have bee ...
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 5

 TERMINÉ 
Background Sediments – originating in freshwater basins mainly through erosion processes – are drifted to the coast with the river flow. Along the way, they are contaminated by heavy metals, nutrients from pesticides and other organic micro-pollutants. Every year in Europe 130 million m3 of polluted river sediments are dredged and need to be disposed ...
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 TERMINÉ 
Background The control of bacterial diseases in plants is largely based on the use of copper salts, which are some of the few chemicals still allowed in organic agriculture. However, copper derivatives do not degrade in the environment and their tendency to accumulate in soil and water poses a serious threat to a wide range of organisms and micro-organism ...
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 5

 TERMINÉ 
Background The production of safe, high quality agricultural products and environmental protection are of public interest. In developed countries, it is important to increase product quality rather than quantity, due to the need to save water and reduce food surplus, and respond to the increasing demand for environmental conservation and evolving consumer ...
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 TERMINÉ 
Background Soil degradation is an issue for the whole EU, although it varies considerably between Member States, with different threats of different degrees of severity. An estimated 115 million hectares (ha), or 12% of Europe’s total land area, is subject to water erosion, and 42 million ha is affected by wind erosion. An estimated 45% of European soi ...
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 5

 TERMINÉ 
Background Unlike other types of residues, such as hazardous waste or urban solid residues, there is a lack of clarity about the best treatment processes for wastes from fruit and vegetable industries. This is exemplified by the lack of detail in the European Commission’s treatment list. This classifies such waste quite generally as “plant-tissue wast ...
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 TERMINÉ 
Background Nearly 75% of soil in Southern Europe is low on organic matter content and biodiversity. Soil erosion is particularly severe in Mediterranean regions areas, due to the prevalence of steep slopes, dry periods followed by heavy precipitation and, in some cases, inappropriate farming practices. Almond trees are typical of the Mediterranean landsca ...
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