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 TERMINÉ 
Background Diffuse pollution affects 90% of river basin districts, 50% of surface water bodies and 33% of groundwater bodies across the EU. Manure nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) are among the main pollution sources, especially in high-density farming areas. Agriculture and livestock (especially manure) are responsible for over 50% ...
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 TERMINÉ 
Background Overall waste generation is stable in the EU. However, generation of sewage sludge is still increasing, partly as a result of the progressive implementation of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC). Between 1992 and 2005, production of dry sewage sludge in the EU increased from around 5.5 million tonnes to nearly 9 million tonn ...
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 5

 TERMINÉ 
Background Meeting required hygiene standards is essential for the food industry. Food companies, therefore, devote considerable time and resources to achieving and maintaining safe standards. They undertake frequent cleaning and disinfection of installations and equipment coming into contact with food products, to the considerable benefit of human health ...
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 4

 TERMINÉ 
Background Biodiesel has been produced on an industrial scale since 1992 in the EU and its production has continuously increased due to the high price of crude oil and the national policies aimed at CO2 emissions reduction. In 2005, 3 184 000 tonnes of biodiesel were produced. Although biodiesel is a renewable fuel, it is associated with high social and ...
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 4

 TERMINÉ 

Ozone clean in place in food industries (OZONECIP)

Date du début: 1 déc. 2005, Date de fin: 1 déc. 2008,

Background Clean-In-Place (CIP) systems are closed processes in which a recirculation cleaning solution is used to disinfect food-processing plants. Though these cleaning and disinfection methods are essential for maintaining hygienic conditions, they have significant environmental impacts, particularly high water consumption and production of highly-poll ...
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