11 projets européens trouvés
Recherche sur 125080 projets européens
TERMINÉ
Neural bases of action chunking in basal ganglia subcircuits (NEURALCHUNK)
Date du début: 1 nov. 2014, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2019,
"Chunking allows the brain to efficiently organize memories and actions. Although basal ganglia circuits have been implicated in action chunking, little is known about how individual elements are concatenated into a behavioral unit at the neuronal level. Using a differential reinforcement procedure where mice learn to chunk rapid action sequences, we uncovered neuronal activity encoding entire seq ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Circuits of con-specific observation (C.o.C.O.)
Date du début: 1 déc. 2013, Date de fin: 30 nov. 2018,
A great deal is known about the neural basis of associative fear learning. However, many animal species are able to use social cues to recognize threats, a defence mechanism that may be less costly than learning from self-experience. We have previously shown that rats perceive the cessation of movement-evoked sound as a signal of danger and its resumption as a signal of safety. To study transmissi ...
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TERMINÉ
Neural bases of visually guided walking in the fly (SensorimotorFly)
Date du début: 1 sept. 2013, Date de fin: 31 août 2017,
Knowing how to get to a food source, approximate towards conspecifics or avoid a predator, are orientation behaviours with remarkable consequence for the success of an individual and the fitness of the species. They all depend on the brain’s ability to process sensory stimuli and integrate this with ongoing behaviour to generate spatial information that guides actions. Although much is known about ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Sound Localization by Neuronal Populations in the Rat Auditory Cortex (SOUNDSOURCE_RAT_AC)
Date du début: 1 mai 2013, Date de fin: 30 avr. 2017,
"How does the accuracy of sensory representations constrain the ability of the organism to perform perceptual discriminations? In this project, we will address this issue by characterizing the activity of populations of neurons in the rat auditory cortex while they perform a two-alternative forced-choice discrimination task for detecting sound location relative to the midline. We will first establ ...
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TERMINÉ
The rules of connectivity of genetically-defined long-range projections (LONG_RANGE_CC)
Date du début: 1 mars 2013, Date de fin: 28 févr. 2017,
"Given the complexity of the neocortex, the need for establishing simplifying principles of connectivity is paramount. Local cortical circuits form stereotyped connections across the neocortex. Within a cortical column, connections show laminar specificity and target preferentially particular cell-types while avoiding others. In addition, subnetworks of highly interconnected neurons are embedded i ...
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TERMINÉ
Investigation of local and global cortical circuits with advanced neural probes for high-resolution electrophysiological monitoring and optogenetic stimulation (NeuroSeeker)
Date du début: 1 janv. 2013, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2016,
Most cognitive functions are based on computations that take place in the cerebral cortex, composed of a larger number of areas, each with a complex anatomical structure, with neurons of different types and in different layers interacting according to a precise scheme. The anatomical organization of cortical areas is similar, with some modulation according to its sensory, motor or associative func ...
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11
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TERMINÉ
The Human Brain Project (HBP)
Date du début: 1 oct. 2013, Date de fin: 30 sept. 2016,
Understanding the human brain is one of the greatest challenges facing 21st century science. If we can rise to the challenge, we can gain profound insights into what makes us human, develop new treatments for brain diseases and build revolutionary new computing technologies. Today, for the first time, modern ICT has brought these goals within sight. The goal of the Human Brain Project, part of the ...
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116
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TERMINÉ
Neural mechanisms underlying rapid modulation of spatial attention in cortex and superior colliculus (SPATIAL ATTENTION)
Date du début: 1 janv. 2014, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2015,
We are constantly inundated with a barrage of sensory information. At any given instant, however, only a small key fraction of this sensory world is relevant for taking action. Our brains must select out the critical input and use it to guide behavioral response. We often call this selection process attention.A field mouse, for example, scurrying through the grass scanning for delicious morsels at ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Optogenetic Analysis of Serotonin Function in the Mammalian Brain (5HT-OPTOGENETICS)
Date du début: 1 juil. 2010, Date de fin: 31 déc. 2015,
Serotonin (5-HT) is implicated in a wide spectrum of brain functions and disorders. However, its functions remain controversial and enigmatic. We suggest that past work on the 5-HT system have been significantly hampered by technical limitations in the selectivity and temporal resolution of the conventional pharmacological and electrophysiological methods that have been applied. We therefore propo ...
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2
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TERMINÉ
Neural Circuits Underlying Visually Guided Behaviour (FISHBRAIN)
Date du début: 1 sept. 2011, Date de fin: 31 août 2015,
"A fundamental goal of neuroscience is to understand how information processing in neural circuits gives rise to behavior. Even the simplest actions can involve hundreds of neurons distributed throughout the brain. However, for most behaviors, little is known about which neurons play an important role, how they are organized into circuits, or how activity is transformed between different brain ...
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1
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TERMINÉ
Neural mechanisms of action learning and action selection: from intent to habit (Neurohabit)
Date du début: 1 nov. 2009, Date de fin: 31 oct. 2014,
In every day life, we constantly have to select the appropriate actions to obtain specific outcomes. Actions can be selected based on their consequences, for example when we press an elevator button to get to the particular floor where we live. This goal-directed behaviour is crucial to face the ever-changing environment but demands an effortful control and monitoring of the response; one way to b ...
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